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更新するL4M5試験復習赤本 &合格スムーズL4M5過去問 |権威のあるL4M5関連受験参考書

2025年It-Passportsの最新L4M5 PDFダンプおよびL4M5試験エンジンの無料共有：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1PVv6tvWwznt2a8ItSL3SzqIKP8tlexDq

It-Passportsの実践教材は、学生だけでなくオフィスワーカーにも適用されます。職場の退役軍人だけでなく、新しく採用された新人にも適用されます。 L4M5の学習教材は、非常にシンプルで理解しやすい言語を使用して、すべての人が学習して理解できるようにします。また、L4M5の実際のテストでは、教科書を読むのがつまらないことを回避できますが、CIPS演習を行う過程で重要な知識をすべて習得できます。そして、L4M5試験問題の高い合格率は98％以上です。 Commercial Negotiation学習ガイドを試してみませんか？

CIPS L4M5（商業交渉）認定試験は、商業交渉の分野で個人の知識とスキルをテストするために設計された専門的な資格です。この認定試験は、調達およびサプライチェーンの専門家にトレーニングと開発の機会を提供するグローバルな組織であるChartered Institute of Procurement and Supply（CIPS）によって提供されます。

>> L4M5試験復習赤本 <<

CIPS L4M5試験の準備方法｜素晴らしいL4M5試験復習赤本試験｜便利なCommercial Negotiation過去問

クライアントは購入前にL4M5トレーニング資料を自由に試してダウンロードして、製品を理解し、購入するかどうかを決定できます。製品のウェブサイトページには、L4M5学習に関する質問の詳細が記載されています。テストバンクから選択されたすべてのタイトルの一部であるデモと質問と回答の形式を確認し、教材のWebサイトページでソフトウェアの形式を知ることができます。

CIPS L4M5：商業交渉試験は、特に今日の超競争的なビジネス環境において、調達分野で重要な意味を持ちます。交渉力は、プロの成功とビジネス全体の成功に不可欠です。それは有効な交渉の核心原則を包括的に理解させ、供給業者との交渉で勝つために必要なツールと技術を候補者に装備します。

CIPS Commercial Negotiation 認定 L4M5 試験問題 (Q94-Q99):

質問 # 94
Which of the following would be considered appropriate influencing techniques in contract negotiation?
Select TWO that apply.

A. Rule ethics
B. Anchoring
C. Ratification
D. Framing and re-framing
E. Validation

正解：B、D

解説：
Framing and re-framing (C) and Anchoring (E) are powerful influencing techniques:
Framing and re-framing (C): This technique shapes how information is presented to make specific aspects more compelling or relevant.
Anchoring (E): Anchoring sets an initial reference point, which influences how subsequent information is perceived.
These techniques help negotiators control the flow and focus of discussions, aligning with CIPS recommendations for strategic influence in negotiations.

質問 # 95
Listening is a key activity in negotiation. Which of the following are characteristics of effective listeners?
* Showing empathy
* Persuading
* Paraphrasing
* Offering immediate solutions

A. 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1 and 3 only

正解：D

解説：
Effective listeners demonstrate empathy and use paraphrasing to confirm understanding. These skills help build rapport, validate the speaker, and ensure accurate interpretation. Persuading and immediate solutions are active interventions, not listening behaviours. CIPS emphasises active listening as central to persuasion and relationship building in negotiation, enabling buyers to uncover underlying interests and respond appropriately.
Reference: CIPS L4M5 (2nd ed.), LO 3.2 - Listening and questioning as persuasive communication tools.

質問 # 96
Which of the following are hardball tactics in negotiations? Select TWO that apply.

A. Expand the pie
B. Good cop, bad cop
C. Sweetening the deal
D. Bridging
E. Snow job

正解：B、E

解説：
:
In difficult negotiations and disputes, hardball tactics like punishment and threats often seem like the only way to win concessions. Some negotiators seem to believe that hardball tactics are the key to success in any negotiation. They resort to extreme demands and even unethical behaviour to try to get the upper hand in a negotiation.
The following are 8 typical hardball tactics:
1. Good cop / Bad cop
2. Low ball / High ball
3. Bogey
4. The Nibble
5. Chicken
6. Intimidation
7. Aggressive Behaviour
8. Snow Job
You can read the details of each tactic here.
In the contrary to hardball tactics, negotiators can adopt integrative approach to the negotiation. Some of integrative tactics are:
1. Expand the Pie
2. Bridging
3. Post Settlement -Settlement
Et cetera

質問 # 97
In general, which of the following is the consequence of a flatter demand curve?

A. Price inelastic
B. Price elastic
C. Unit price elastic
D. Quantity elastic

正解：B

解説：
Elasticity refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to a change in price or another factor.
In microeconomic graphs, elasticity and inelasticity can be shown by the slope of the demand curve. If a demand curve is almost horizontal, then the product pricing can be described as very elastic. If a demand curve is almost vertical, then the product pricing can be described as very inelastic.
The formulae of elasticity:
Text Description automatically generated with low confidence

Table Description automatically generated with medium confidence
LO 2, AC 2.2

質問 # 98
Which of the following are most likely to be fixed costs of an airline? Select TWO that apply.

A. Catering services
B. Flight crew training
C. Purchase of aircraft
D. Fuel
E. Advertising and promotion

正解：B、C

解説：
Fixed costs (FC) are costs that do not vary with volume. To an airline once aircraft are purchased, flight crews trained and departures scheduled, costs are disproportionately fixed.
Variable costs (VC) are those which vary with the amount produced. Fuel, catering services and marketing are examples of variable.
LO 2, AC 2.1

質問 # 99
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L4M5過去問: https://www.it-passports.com/L4M5.html

P.S. It-PassportsがGoogle Driveで共有している無料かつ新しいL4M5ダンプ：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1PVv6tvWwznt2a8ItSL3SzqIKP8tlexDq